New Faces of Offshoring: A Typology of Work Design and Business Models

This paper provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding the increasing variety of outsourcing and off shoring options available to international firms. Drawing on illustrative case studies, they aim to guide scholars and managers in evaluating and assessing alternative models for managing their business activities transnational. The paper discusses key business issues that should be considered when choosing among outsourcing options, including cost reduction, education, new market opportunities, intellectual property, and strategic advantage. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for governments, firms and individuals, in both developed and emerging countries, as to how they might leverage opportunities, and mitigate risks, associated with international outsourcing and off shoring.